Nino d'Heresie

  近日，一個關於帕金森氏症細胞病理機轉的新證據被多家媒體報導：台灣的神經科學研究團隊透過特殊基因株的果蠅和小鼠的腦細胞，證實GAK/aux基因是神經膠質細胞中主導溶酶體降解α-synuclein(α-突觸核蛋白)的關鍵。這立刻引起我的興趣，我想說哇，距2012年丹麥神經科學家Maiken Nedergaard提出膠淋巴系統，花了12年，終於有新消息了。 Recently, new evidence of Parkinson’s disease neuropathology has gained significant attention from various media platforms. A team of Taiwanese neuroscientists has confirmed through studies using brain cells of special strains of fruit flies and mice that the GAK/aux plays the key role in the lysosomal pathway that contributes to SNCA/α-synuclein degradation in glia cells. This immediately sparked my curiosity, and I thought, wow, 12 years after Danish neuroscientist Maiken Nedergaard proposed the 'glymphatic system' in 2012, now we have something new. 報導寫很精簡，領隊的教授表示，2017年已發現GAK/aux基因在帕金森氏症中可能發揮關鍵作用，這次研究則是進一步證實，GAK/aux基因是透過維持溶酶體的酸性環境來調節α-synuclein降解，就像溶酶體的酸性調節開關；此開關一旦失效，溶酶體就無法進行清除。論文原文有提到，GAK基因透過磷酸化調控溶酶體膜上V-ATPase的組裝，它是一種由ATP驅動的質子泵，將質子(H+)轉運至細胞膜，因此能夠維持溶酶體需要的pH3~5環境。 The news is written very concisely. ...

  最近剛看完《來自深淵》，因為還有一些劇情中沒有解釋清楚的部分，就去找論壇上人物設定和隱喻的相關討論，於是就看到有人整理好的作者訪談紀錄。因為是舊番了，所以資訊也累積不少。其中有一段，作者提到他高中的時候，就專注在畫長著許多疣的生物和如何逼真的畫出疣的切面。這讓我回想起國中的時候有位同學，平常就很喜歡畫很醜的東西，越噁心、越醜，她就覺得越好笑。 I just finished watching Made in Abyss recently. Because there are still some parts in the plot that are not explained clearly, I went to the forum to find discussions about character settings and metaphors, and then I saw the interview records of the author that someone had compiled. (It’s an anime series adapted from a manga that released almost a decade ago, so you can find a lot of information.) In one paragraph, the author mentioned that when he was in high school, he focused on drawing creatures with many warts and the technique of drawing cross-section of warts realistically. This reminded me of a classmate in junior high school who liked to draw ugly things. The more disgusting and uglier, the funnier she thought it was.  那時的我從旁觀察並且感受得到，她是真心從這樣的行為和創作當中獲得樂趣。她也只會私下和朋友分享她的這個小樂趣，類似把你當成要好的朋友才跟你分享的意思。而那...