低氧負荷(Hypoxic burden, HB)是睡眠醫學中一個新興且愈來愈被廣泛採用的指標,特別是對於阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症(OSA),低氧負荷比目前臨床上最常用的呼吸中止低通氣指數(AHI)更能有效地衡量心血管疾病風險、器官受損嚴重程度(如腦部、心臟)和死亡率。 Hypoxic burden is an advanced, and increasingly used metric in sleep medicine, specifically for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It goes beyond traditional measurements, the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), in evaluating cardiovascular disease risk, organ damage severity (such as brain, heart) and mortality. 傳統的AHI將每次呼吸事件視為相同,只統計呼吸事件的頻率;而低氧負荷則量化血氧飽和度下降的累積量(一個event從onset到恢復,底下面積的積分),綜合掉血氧的程度和持續時間,而不僅僅是頻率。 因此,低氧負荷能更精確地反映缺氧的實際嚴重程度。 AHI treats every event the same and only counts the frequency of breathing events, but hypoxic burden quantifies the cumulative amount of oxygen desaturation, which reveals the depth and duration of hypoxia, not just frequency. So the hypoxic burden provides a more precise look at the actual severity of oxygen deprivation. 一項研究發現27.5%的輕度阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的患者(AHI 5~14.9)實際上有較高的低氧負荷(> 88%min/hr),這解釋了為什麼一些「輕度」睡眠呼吸中止症患者症狀卻很明顯。所以即使AHI較低,低氧負荷也...
日本關西地區(大阪、京都等地)獨立發展的小兒針,在東京是看不到的。 The Shounihari (infant acupuncture) developed independently in the Kansai region of Japan (such as Osaka and Kyoto) and is rarely seen in Tokyo. 「小兒針」是以小兒為主要對象的非侵入性針灸法。使用非侵入性針具(接觸針)且針具十分多樣化,以金屬製為主。照片中是做成拋棄式的塑膠製接觸針。 Shounihari is a non-invasive acupuncture method primarily used for children. It utilises non-invasive needles (contact needles) of various shapes and types, mainly made of metal. The contact needle shown in the photo is disposable and made of plastic. 小兒針刺激方法有:輕擦、輕拍(tapping )、振動、點壓、滾動刺激、接觸(將金屬針具放置皮膚上,此外什麼也不做;銅製效果為佳)、線香灸。 The Shounihari applies various stimulation techniques, including: gentle rubbing, tapping, vibration, point pressure, rolling stimulation, contact (placing metal needles on the skin and doing nothing else; copper needles are the most effective), and incense moxibustion. 小兒針的意義在於,小兒科的症狀,很多都不是真正的疾病(無明確診斷,包括夜啼、煩躁、易怒、夜驚、睡眠障礙、食慾不振、排便異常等),難以用西洋醫學進行治療,這是屬於「健康管理」的範疇,在日本是針灸師擅長處理的。 The significance of Shounihari lies in the fact...