在呼吸生理學中，「loop gain 環路增益」是用於衡量換氣的回饋調控機制的穩定性，它反映了身體對血中氣體濃度（主要是二氧化碳）的擾動產生反應的震盪程度。 它的定義是「controller gain（化學感受器敏感性—主要是腦幹的後斜方核）」與「plant gain（肺部呼吸換氣的效率）」的乘積。 Loop gain in the respiratory system is a measure of the stability of the feedback loop that controls ventilation, reflecting how heavily the ventilatory response to disturbances in blood gas levels (mainly PaCO2). It is defined as the product of controller gain (sensitivity to blood gases, primarily driven by central chemoreceptors in the brainstem–retrotrapezoid nucleus, RTN) and plant gain (how effectively the lungs change blood gases). Loop gain > 1 表示容易過度換氣（過度補償），導致不穩定、振盪的呼吸。 A loop gain >1 indicates that the respiratory system tends to overcompensate, leading to unstable, oscillating breathing. (Breathing tends to go off-balance and takes a long time for the body to regain balance.) Loop gain < 1 表示呼吸系統能維持穩定幅度的自我修正。 A loop gain <1 indicates a stable, self-correcting system. High loop gain是導致潮式呼吸及中樞型睡眠呼吸...
壓力與創傷和暴飲暴食以及其他飲食失調有關，然而比起生理和心理方面的討論，非人際創傷，也就是社會文化的論述，則相對較少。 只有當我們考慮到周遭環境與影響行為的經濟力時，才能了解此時此刻人類的處境：寂寞、憂鬱、無意義感，會促進消費與過度飲食行為。 Stress and trauma have been linked to overeating and other eating disorders. However, compared to discussions of physiological and psychological aspects, noninterpersonal factors, namely sociocultural factors, are relatively understudied. Only when we consider the surrounding environment and the economic forces influencing behaviour can we understand what humans are facing at this moment: loneliness, depression, and a sense of meaninglessness can promote consumption and overeating. 在過去，「生產」是判斷一個人身份地位的核心組織原則，而非消費能力。然而在今日，身份地位往往無關於我們生產了什麼，而是和我們消費了什麼更有關係。這是一種社會意識型態：建立階級差別，以物質商品來決定持有者的社會地位和聲望。 在消費主義之下，當我們想要整理自己的內心世界和自我時，「獲得」與「擁有」便成為深層的心理需求，消費變成了自我發展和自我實現的工具，因為能夠消費和擁有商品，就象徵著擁有選擇和自由。 In the past, "production" capacity, rather than consumption capacity, was the core organisational principle for determining a person's social status. However, in today's ...