Nino d'Heresie

  在呼吸生理學中，「loop gain 環路增益」是用於衡量換氣的回饋調控機制的穩定性，它反映了身體對血中氣體濃度（主要是二氧化碳）的擾動產生反應的震盪程度。 它的定義是「controller gain（化學感受器敏感性—主要是腦幹的後斜方核）」與「plant gain（肺部呼吸換氣的效率）」的乘積。 Loop gain in the respiratory system is a measure of the stability of the feedback loop that controls ventilation, reflecting how heavily the ventilatory response to disturbances in blood gas levels (mainly PaCO2).  It is defined as the product of controller gain (sensitivity to blood gases, primarily driven by central chemoreceptors in the brainstem–retrotrapezoid nucleus, RTN) and plant gain (how effectively the lungs change blood gases).  Loop gain > 1 表示容易過度換氣（過度補償），導致不穩定、振盪的呼吸。 A loop gain >1 indicates that the respiratory system tends to overcompensate, leading to unstable, oscillating breathing. (Breathing tends to go off-balance and takes a long time for the body to regain balance.) Loop gain < 1 表示呼吸系統能維持穩定幅度的自我修正。 A loop gain <1 indicates a stable, self-correcting system. High loop gain是導致潮式呼吸及中樞型睡眠呼吸...

  壓力與創傷和暴飲暴食以及其他飲食失調有關，然而比起生理和心理方面的討論，非人際創傷，也就是社會文化的論述，則相對較少。 只有當我們考慮到周遭環境與影響行為的經濟力時，才能了解此時此刻人類的處境：寂寞、憂鬱、無意義感，會促進消費與過度飲食行為。 Stress and trauma have been linked to overeating and other eating disorders. However, compared to discussions of physiological and psychological aspects, noninterpersonal factors, namely sociocultural factors, are relatively understudied. Only when we consider the surrounding environment and the economic forces influencing behaviour can we understand what humans are facing at this moment: loneliness, depression, and a sense of meaninglessness can promote consumption and overeating.  在過去，「生產」是判斷一個人身份地位的核心組織原則，而非消費能力。然而在今日，身份地位往往無關於我們生產了什麼，而是和我們消費了什麼更有關係。這是一種社會意識型態：建立階級差別，以物質商品來決定持有者的社會地位和聲望。 在消費主義之下，當我們想要整理自己的內心世界和自我時，「獲得」與「擁有」便成為深層的心理需求，消費變成了自我發展和自我實現的工具，因為能夠消費和擁有商品，就象徵著擁有選擇和自由。 In the past, "production" capacity, rather than consumption capacity, was the core organisational principle for determining a person's social status. However, in today's ...

  今天自己試了蟬蛻，比想像的不臭耶，甚至可以說味道蠻好的，聞起來，涼涼香香的。 處方已經跟其他藥粉混在一起了，裡面還有佛手柑，不過很確定沒有一些動物類藥會有的腥味 室友說因為蟬只吃樹汁，所以會有樹木的香氣。然後說以前捉蟬，其實吃起來像蝦米，就是香香酥酥，但比較偏植物的香... 「也像炸豆腐的皮的那種脆皮」她邊說、彷彿開滿小花 「好喔，就是比蛇和青蛙好吃就對了」天然的洋芋片，我決定這麼理解 「現在這樣講起來還會回味無窮耶——」 我們以前也討論過「蟬蛻」到底算不算素的？我覺得是素的，因為是蟬不要的殼 蟬蛻對喉嚨是很好用的藥，以前在醫院和診所都沒有進這個（或是設在自費或鎖檔），那時候就心想，要是我有自己的診所就要有這個藥。所以我就進了 I tried cicada slough myself today, and they weren't as smelly as I expected; in fact, they smelled quite nice, cool and fragrant. The prescription is already mixed with other powdered medicines, including bergamot, but I'm pretty sure it doesn't have the funky smell that some animal-based medicines have. My roommate said that cicadas only eat tree sap, which is why they smell of trees. Then she said that when she used to catch cicadas, they tasted like dried shrimp—fragrant and crispy, but with a more plant-like aroma… “It's also like the crispy skin of fried tofu,” she said, her eyes sparkling with delight. “Okay, it's definitely tastier than snakes ...

低氧負荷(Hypoxic burden, HB)是睡眠醫學中一個新興且愈來愈被廣泛採用的指標，特別是對於阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症(OSA)，低氧負荷比目前臨床上最常用的呼吸中止低通氣指數(AHI)更能有效地衡量心血管疾病風險、器官受損嚴重程度（如腦部、心臟）和死亡率。 Hypoxic burden is an advanced, and increasingly used metric in sleep medicine, specifically for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It goes beyond traditional measurements,  the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), in evaluating cardiovascular disease risk, organ damage severity (such as brain, heart) and mortality. 傳統的AHI將每次呼吸事件視為相同，只統計呼吸事件的頻率；而低氧負荷則量化血氧飽和度下降的累積量（一個event從onset到恢復，底下面積的積分），綜合掉血氧的程度和持續時間，而不僅僅是頻率。 因此，低氧負荷能更精確地反映缺氧的實際嚴重程度。 AHI treats every event the same and only counts the frequency of breathing events, but hypoxic burden quantifies the cumulative amount of oxygen desaturation, which reveals the depth and duration of hypoxia, not just frequency. So the hypoxic burden provides a more precise look at the actual severity of oxygen deprivation. 一項研究發現27.5%的輕度阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的患者(AHI 5~14.9)實際上有較高的低氧負荷(> 88%min/hr)，這解釋了為什麼一些「輕度」睡眠呼吸中止症患者症狀卻很明顯。所以即使AHI較低，低氧負荷也...