Addiction 成癮

 

으

你是否想過，為何人無法憑靠堅強的意志力戒除上癮的東西？這是因為「成癮」並不是意志力不夠堅強，而是人為了活下去而產生的一種求生行為。有些成癮的習慣具有破壞性，會帶來不良後果，但每當人無法處理痛苦，又極力想找回安全感、找到安慰、取回掌控感，或只想變得麻木，就可能發展出成癮行為作為他的應對策略。

Have you ever wondered why willpower alone doesn’t stop addiction? Because addiction isn’t about weakness - it’s about survival. Some of the habits might be destructive and bring adverse consequences, but whenever an individual is struggling with unprocessed pain and is desperate to feel safe, soothed, regain a sense of control, or simply want to be numb, addiction can develop as his/her coping mechanism.

能讓人成癮的東西不只限於香菸、毒品或酒精，難以停止瀏覽社群媒體和短影音、情緒性進食、情緒性購物、過度工作、追求他人的認可、性成癮......這些都是上癮。

Addiction isn’t just cigarettes, drugs or alcohol. It can be endless scrolling on social media and reels, emotional eating, emotional shopping, overworking, chasing validation in relationships, and hypersexuality.

那你有想過，同樣都暴露在壓力之下，有的人很快就出現了成癮行為，有的人沒有，這是為什麼呢？有所謂「容易成癮」的體質或先決條件嗎？

Have you ever thought about this: when exposed to the same pressure, some individuals quickly develop addictive behaviors while others do not? Why is that? Is there a predisposition or prerequisite for becoming addicted?

無論是什麼樣的癮，在成癮之前，人體的感覺神經系統、節律系統、新陳代謝，這三者的連結是破裂的，或是只偏重某一系統的運作，例如過度思考而失去了情緒感知力。許多面臨成癮問題的人，都面臨某種困境，使得他長出了與世界隔絕的保護外殼，同時，內在的批評聲音從內部將他擊垮。

No matter what kind of addiction it is, before becoming addicted, the connection between the neurosensory, rhythmic/circadian system, and metabolism is broken, or only one system is operating, such as overthinking and losing emotional perception. Many people struggling with addiction carry two heavy burdens: a protective outer shell that keeps the world at a distance, while at the same time, an inner critic tears them down from within.

每一項成癮行為都有其初始動機，許多毒癮者描述使用毒品時的感受，是對現實有充實的體驗，感覺到在關係中的溫暖、被接納，或出現精神性、靈性的體驗。這樣的描述，也透露出他們在現實世界的經驗中，是感到冷漠、無聊、羞愧、缺乏連結的。

Every addictive behavior has its initial motivation. Many drug addicts describe what they feel when they use the drugs as a fulfilling experience of reality, feeling warmth and acceptance in relationships, or having religious and spiritual experiences. Such descriptions also reveal that they feel indifferent, bored, shamed and lacking connections in their real-world experiences.

每一種成癮都有它作用的方式，共同點是促進某種體驗的發生，而且都是暫時的。由於這是一種強迫發生的幻覺，想要再次得到該體驗，就必須再次進行或使用它。以下是用毒品作為最明顯的一些例子，你也可以試著思考菸癮、酒癮、性成癮是屬於以下那一種？任何會讓你產生依賴的東西，是否有成癮的影子？你的上癮行為是幫助你避開了哪些情緒或記憶？

Each addiction works in its own way, but they all promote a certain experience and are temporary. Since this is a forced hallucination, if you want to have the experience again, you must perform or use it again. The following are some of the most obvious examples of using drugs. You can also try sorting cigarettes, alcohol, and sex into one of the categories. Is there anything that you find yourself grow depend on? Does it seem a bit like addiction? What emotions or memories does your addiction help you avoid?

影響 神經感官系統：

成癮物：作用在思考的藥物，如安非他命、古柯鹼。

作用：釋放思考的生命力，體驗奔馳的思想與高度的專注力。

誘因：過度疲憊或對生活缺乏聚焦。

Act on Neurosensory system:

Addictive substances: Drugs that affect the mind, such as amphetamines and cocaine.

Function: Release the vitality of thinking and experience the activeness and concentration of thoughts.

Triggers: feel overly tired or lack focus in life.

影響 代謝系統：

成癮物：鴉片類藥物、海洛因。

作用：麻醉、欣快感和幻覺。起頭是湧出一波愉悅感，全身肌膚也感到溫熱，接著是昏昏欲睡、精神混亂數小時；心臟功能減慢；呼吸嚴重減慢，有時甚至會危及生命。

誘因：需要強烈意志力，想要感受不到痛。

Act on Metabolic system:

Addictive substances: opioids, heroin.

Function: Analgesia, euphoria and hallucinations. A surge of pleasurable sensation accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin, followed by drowsy for several hours; heart function slows; breathing severely slowed, sometimes enough to be life-threatening.

Trigger: need strong willpower; a desire for not feeling pain.

影響 節律系統：

成癮物：迷幻藥，如 LSD、大麻。

作用：出現一種能與他人及世界建立溫暖、歡愉的幻覺，因此會讓人更想與人交流。迷幻藥讓一切變得輕鬆、好玩、幸福。(會一直想笑。) 在一些國家，大麻被合法用於緩解化療患者的噁心嘔吐、止痛 (抗肌肉痙攣)、減低焦慮和憂鬱情緒。

誘因：尋求新奇的思維和感官體驗、想要很放鬆的幸福感。對生活體驗、人際互動、社交活動感到巨大的壓力和焦慮，但又不得不面對人。

Act on Rhythmic/circadian system:

Addictive substances: Psychedelic drugs such as LSD and marijuana.

Function: creating an illusion of warmth and joy with others and the world, thus making people want to interact with others more; psychedelics make everything easy, fun, and blissful. (makes you want to laugh) In some countries, cannabis is legally used to relieve nausea and vomiting, relieve pain (anti-muscle spasms/anticonvulsant), and reduce anxiety/depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Triggers: Seeking novel thinking and sensory experiences; a desire for being chill and happy. Overwhelmed by life experiences, having huge pressure and anxiety about relationships and social activities but being forced to face people.

這時代逐漸減少給自身「體驗」的空間，我們留下的一切逐漸習慣儲存於編碼中，而越來越少在身體經驗裡。忙亂或缺乏自然體驗的生活方式，使人失去與自身生命力的連結，我們能夠感受到自己被這些「溫暖」融入的機會，也隨之消失。由於在體驗上變得貧窮，進而使人失去了對自己、他人、環境的信任。

We live in an era that gradually reduces the space for our own "experience". Everything we have left is gradually stored in codes and less and less in physical experience. A busy lifestyle or one lacking in natural experience causes people to lose connection with their own vitality. People also lose opportunities of being regenerated through emotional/spiritual “warmth". As people become poor in physical experience, they lose trust in themselves, others and the environment.

當我們越來越少與內在連結，感官知覺被削弱、生活體驗匱乏、缺乏熱情、同理心，就會對人生感到迷惘，變得很容易受到外界的影響。有時候，成癮行為能立即解決心理匱乏、失去連結而產生的痛苦，很速成的讓內心的空洞貼上膠帶。

When we become less and less connected to our inner selves, our sensory perceptions are weakened, and when we feel empty, lack of enthusiasm and empathy, we will feel lost and become easily influenced by the outside world. Sometimes, addictive behaviors can immediately ease the pain caused by psychological deprivation and loss of connection, they provide a shortcut to deal with perpetual emptiness.

真正的療癒始於我們透過探查自己的內心，了解未解決的痛苦如何驅動成癮行為，尋求和解，並與「自我」重新建立聯繫。重要的兩個問題是：你的上癮是為了緩解什麼痛苦？它可以保護你免受什麼恐懼？

True healing begins when we tap inward through introspection, understand how unresolved pain drives addictive behaviors, seek reconciliation and reconnect with our “self”. The two key questions are: What pain is your addiction trying to soothe? What fear is it protecting you from?

療癒並不是強迫自己「停止」，而是為了在你的心、身體和環境中創造「安全」。它是用同情取代批判、用聯結取代斷絕、用目標取代混亂。痛苦與和解是可以共存的。

Healing isn’t about forcing yourself to “stop”; it’s about creating safety in your mind, body, and environment. It’s about replacing criticism with compassion, disconnection with connection, and chaos with purpose. Your pain and reconciliation can coexist.

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為什麼中醫有平衡的概念，卻沒有特別提出「連貫性」呢？生與剋，侮與乘，不是順從就是抗衡，看似是承載、生化、統御，往往也隱含一種上對下或是分層級的關係，就連五臟六腑也賦予了君主、官位和軍階，元素之間的關係並不是平等的，比較像是抗衡和角力的關係，也有正與邪鬥爭的思想在裡面。我在想是不是和當時中國的政治文化有關？中醫在歷史沿革中，每段時期都分出很多學派，而各派別的思想，誰被視為正統 / 顯學，誰被斥為異端邪說，也和當時的政治氣候脫不了關係。

也許要理解和認可「連貫性」，就要承認彼此是緊密聯繫的，既不相像，同時又是合一的。以整體大環境的能量加總起來的向量來說，也許還是偏向無法接受這個想法的。

少了「連貫性」，「平衡」也可能是很危險的平衡，依靠單方面或第三方的代償或犧牲來維繫關係的那種平衡，這種平衡只要來一點點挑戰就會崩散了。

我其實有想過，如果要啟動大規模失控，是不是只要一覺醒來突然再也沒有香菸、沒有藥物、沒有酒、沒有網路、彼此無法溝通，維繫人們最後一條單薄理智線的東西就這麼突然消失了，這世界會變得如何？會是那種喪屍電影的景象嗎？

所有的癮，不論是使時間、空間扭曲，現實與夢境混淆，認知功能改變 (記憶空白、思考飛躍或遲緩) ，都涉及與自我分離。因此治療的主要原則是以真實的體驗取代 (成癮) 未被滿足的期望、虛幻的體驗。這也難怪不論是西方醫學、中醫、營養、還是心靈領域，都強調接觸自然和回到當下的重要性。現在想起來，真的不是空泛的標語而已，而是真正的道理就是這麼樸實無華又懇切。

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